TFL goes by other names. Sometimes it is called sentential logic, because it deals fundamentally with sentences. Sometimes it is called propositional logic, on the idea that it deals fundamentally with propositions. We have stuck with truth-functional logic, to emphasize the fact that it deals only with assignments of truth and falsity to sentences, and that its connectives are all truth-functional.

FOL goes by other names. Sometimes it is called predicate logic, because it allows us to apply predicates to objects. Sometimes it is called quantified logic, because it makes use of quantifiers.

Some texts call formulas well-formed formulas. Since ‘well-formed formula’ is such a long and cumbersome phrase, they then abbreviate this as wff. This is both barbarous and unnecessary (such texts do not countenance ‘ill-formed formulas’). We have stuck with ‘formula’.

In chapter 6, we defined sentences of TFL. These are also sometimes called ‘formulas’ (or ‘well-formed formulas’) since in TFL, unlike FOL, there is no distinction between a formula and a sentence.

Some texts call valuations truth-assignments, or truth-value assignments.

We have chosen to call predicates ‘one-place’, ‘two-place’, ‘three-place’, etc. Other texts respectively call them ‘monadic’, ‘dyadic’, ‘triadic’, etc. Still other texts call them ‘unary’, ‘binary’, ‘ternary’, etc.

In FOL, we have used ‘$a$’, ‘$b$’, ‘$c$’, for names. Some texts call these ‘constants’. Other texts do not mark any difference between names and variables in the syntax. Those texts focus simply on whether the symbol occurs bound or unbound.

Some texts describe a domain as a ‘domain of discourse’, or a ‘universe of discourse’.

Two commonly used symbols are the hoe,‘$\neg$’, and the swung dash or tilde, ‘$\sim$.’ In some more advanced formal systems it is necessary to distinguish between two kinds of negation; the distinction is sometimes represented by using both ‘$\neg$’ and ‘$\sim$’. Older texts sometimes indicate negation by a line over the formula being negated, e.g., ‘$\overline{A\wedge B}$’, or by a minus sign ‘$-$’. Many texts use ‘$x\ne y$’ to abbreviate ‘$\neg x=y$’.

The symbol ‘$\vee$’ is typically used to symbolize inclusive disjunction. One etymology is from the Latin word ‘vel’, meaning ‘or’. In some texts in the so-called algebraic tradition, disjunction is written as addition ‘$+$’. In many programming languages, a vertical bar ‘|’ (or two: ‘||’) are used. (This lends itself to confusion with the Sheffer stroke of chapter 46, which is standardly written as ‘$\mid$’.)

Conjunction is often symbolized with the ampersand, ‘&’. The ampersand is a decorative form of the Latin word ‘et’, which means ‘and’. (Its etymology still lingers in certain fonts, particularly in italic fonts; thus an italic ampersand might appear as ‘ & ’.) This symbol is commonly used in natural English writing (e.g. ‘Smith & Sons’), and so even though it is a natural choice, many logicians use a different symbol to avoid confusion between the object and metalanguage: as a symbol in a formal system, the ampersand is not the English word ‘&’. The most common choice now is ‘$\wedge$’, which is a counterpart to the symbol used for disjunction. Sometimes a single dot, ‘•’, is used. In some older texts, there is no symbol for conjunction at all; ‘$A$ and $B$’ is simply written ‘$AB$’.

There are two common symbols for the material conditional: the arrow, ‘$\to$’, and the horseshoe, ‘$\supset$’.

The double-headed arrow, ‘$\leftrightarrow$’, is used in systems that use the arrow to represent the material conditional. Systems that use the horseshoe for the conditional typically use the triple bar, ‘$\equiv$’, for the biconditional.

The universal quantifier is typically symbolized as a rotated ‘A’, and the existential quantifier as a rotated, ‘E’. In some texts, there is no separate symbol for the universal quantifier. Instead, the variable is just written in parentheses in front of the formula that it binds. For example, they might write ‘$(x)P(x)$’ where we would write ‘$\forall xP(x)$’. Some texts also use large versions of our conjunction and disjunction connectives, i.e., ‘$\bigwedge$’ and ‘$\bigvee$’, for the universal and existential quantifier, respectively. (The variable is sometimes set as a subscript to these symbols, or even underneath them.)

These alternative typographies are summarised below: