Solutions to Chapter 14 Truth table shortcuts

A. Using shortcuts, determine whether each sentence is a tautology, a contradiction, or neither.

  1. 1.

    ¬BB Contradiction

    B ¬ B B
    T F F
    F F
  2. 2.

    ¬DD Tautology

    D ¬ D D
    T T
    F T T
  3. 3.

    (AB)(BA) Neither

    A B (A B) (B A)
    T T T T
    T F F F F
    F T F F F
    F F F F F
  4. 4.

    ¬[A(BA)] Contradiction

    A B ¬[ A (B A)]
    T T F T T
    T F F T T
    F T F T
    F F F T
  5. 5.

    A[A(B¬B)] Contradiction

    A B A [A (B ¬ B)]
    T T F F F F
    T F F F F
    F T F T
    F F F T
  6. 6.

    ¬(AB)A Neither

    A B ¬ (A B) A
    T T F T F
    T F T F T
    F T T F F
    F F T F F
  7. 7.

    A(BC) Neither

    A B C A (B C)
    T T T T T
    T T F T T
    T F T T T
    T F F F F
    F T T T
    F T F T
    F F T T
    F F F T
  8. 8.

    (A¬A)(BC) Tautology

    A B C (A ¬ A) (B C)
    T T T F F T
    T T F F F T
    T F T F F T
    T F F F F T
    F T T F T
    F T F F T
    F F T F T
    F F F F T
  9. 9.

    (BD)[A(AC)] Neither

    A B C D (B D) [A (A C)]
    T T T T T T T T
    T T T F F F T T
    T T F T T T T T
    T T F F F F T T
    T F T T F F T T
    T F T F F F T T
    T F F T F F T T
    T F F F F F T T
    F T T T T F F T
    F T T F F T F T
    F T F T T T T F
    F T F F F F T F
    F F T T F T F T
    F F T F F T F T
    F F F T F F T F
    F F F F F F T F